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The Progressive Party of Working People ((ギリシア語:Ανορθωτικό Κόμμα Εργαζόμενου Λαού), ''Anorthotikó Kómma Ergazómenou Laoú'', AKEL; (トルコ語:Emekçi Halkın İlerici Partisi)) is a communist political party in Cyprus. AKEL supports an independent, demilitarized and non-aligned Cyprus, and a federal solution of the internal aspect of the Cyprus problem. It places particular emphasis on rapprochement with the Turkish Cypriots. It supported entry into the European Union with certain reservations. AKEL also supported the Annan Plan in 2004, but at the end they decided for a negative response, since they did not have time to formulate response to the plan. As a strong supporter of welfare benefits and nationalization, AKEL has successfully put into practice several social measures to support economic welfare of Cypriots during the late-2000s financial crisis, such as increasing low pensions by 30% and strengthening the welfare benefits given to university students to €12 million per year. Overall, €1.2 billion were spent on welfare benefits during the first three years of AKEL in power, with various improvements made in social welfare provision.〔http://www.socialprotection.eu/files_db/1100/asisp_ANR11_Cyprus.pdf〕〔http://www.socialprotection.eu/files_db/886/asisp_ANR10_Cyprus.pdf〕 However, critics have attributed the 2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis to the AKEL government's mismanagement of the country's status as a financial haven. The party is now in opposition following the 2013 election. ==History== It was founded in 1926 with the name Communist Party of Cyprus (CPC). The communist party set as its aim not only the struggle against exploitation but also the independence of Cyprus from British rule. The party became illegal in 1931 when the British colonial government imposed restrictions on civil rights following a nationalist riot. In 1941, leading members of the underground communist party and others founded AKEL. In the first municipal elections in 1943 (before that mayors were appointed) AKEL candidates became mayors of Limassol (Ploutis Servas) and Famagusta (Adam Adamantos). List of general secretaries: * 1936–1945 Ploutis Servas * 1945–1949 Fifis Ioannou * 1949–1988 Ezekias Papaioannou (a veteran of the Spanish Civil War) * 1988–2009 Dimitris Christofias (6th President of the Republic of Cyprus) * 2009–present Andros Kyprianou Unlike its predecessor, AKEL was not against Enosis. Instead AKEL supported a gradual process, starting off with a constitution and self-government while Cyprus would remain a colony, leading to self-determination and Enosis. After the failure of the consultative assembly in 1949 to grant a constitution acceptable to the Cypriot members, AKEL changed line, supporting immediate Enosis with no intermediate stages. During the late fifties, AKEL was opposed to the violent tactics followed by the anti-British resistance movement of EOKA. EOKA accused AKEL of being collaborators with the British, even though AKEL had also been illegal since 1955. Several AKEL members were assassinated by EOKA at the time for being "traitors," including AKEL-supporter Savas Menikou who was stoned to death. AKEL denounced EOKA's leadership as being anti-communist, as its leader George Grivas had fought against the communist side during the Greek Civil War. Grivas later founded EOKA B, which supported the 1974 coup d'état following his death. About 1958, the Turkish Cypriot nationalist organization TMT started forcing Turkish Cypriots members of AKEL to leave. Editor of a workers newspaper Fazıl Önder was killed and the head of the Turkish bureau of PEO (AKEL's trade union) Ahmet Sadi moved to the UK to save his life. In the first presidential elections for independent Cyprus, AKEL backed Ioannis Kliridis (father of Glafkos Klerides) against Makarios III. The last Turkish Cypriot to be a member of the central committee of AKEL, Derviş Ali Kavazoğlu, was killed by TMT in 1965. In the mid 1990s the U.S. State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 10,000 (3.25% of the working age population).〔Benjamin, Roger W.; Kautsky, John H.. ''(Communism and Economic Development )'', in The American Political Science Review, Vol. 62, No. 1. (Mar., 1968), pp. 122.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Progressive Party of Working People」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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